Teacher & school Essay Example for Free

Teacher school EssayThe positive and negative behaviors exhibited by teachers determine, to a great extent, their effectiveness in the classroom and, ultimately, the impact they have on student achievement. Several specific characteristics of teacher responsibilities and behaviors that contribute directly to effective teaching are listed for each of the adjacent categories The teacher as a person Classroom management and organization Organizing and orienting for instruction Implementing instruction Monitoring student progress and potential Professionalism vehement flags signaling ineffective teaching are presented at the end of each section. Both positive and negative characteristics are based on a superfluity of research-based studies that address the concept of improving the educational system for both students and teachers. These qualities are general for any marrow area or grade level. Subject-specific qualities presented for the four content areas typically found in al l schools includ THE TEACHER AS A PERSON.The teacher is the representative of the content and the school. How a teacher presents himself makes an impression on administrators, colleagues, parents, and students. lots a student links the preference to a particular subject to a teacher and the way the subject was taught.A teacher who exudes enthusiasm and competency for a content area may transfer those feelings to the students. In addition, how the teacher relates to the pupils has an impact on the students experience in the class. The teachers personality is atomic number 53 of the first sets of characteristics to look for in an effective teacher. Many aspects of effective teaching can be cultivated, but it is difficult to effect change in an separates personality. A. Positive Qualities Assumes ownership for the classroom and the students success Uses personal experiences as examples in teaching,

Environmental assessment Essay Example for Free

Environmental assessment EssayThis paper has been written to analyze in-depth, the pollution, application air, water supply, chemicals, and other such related issues in the United States. Further, I would excessively be developing an environmental health teaching plan to address wiz of these issues. Environmental issues are be coming very(prenominal) prevalent in todays world. The question is why the environment and its c at oncerns are becoming more prevalent, fundamental and famous now.For this, we will postulate to look at the history. For decades we have neglected this seemingly dangerous issue due to which it has been going un knowd. The reason we n of all time beforehand paid heed to this concern or issue is because this issues repercussions were not evident in the previous old age. As no such notice regarding this issue was guide onn into consideration, it could not even be rectified. (Abel McConnell, 2007).However, with the advent of global warming and other factors such as acid rain, prevalence of carbon dioxide and the ever increasing penetration of green house gases has put more lives at stake making many people fear that this world will not continue to exist or survive for more than 10 years from now on that means that by 2018 this world will have apply most of the resources and this is basically due to the wastages of resources available to us.The basic thing that we have to consider here is to think hard about the issue as to how we rump prevent our precious resources from depletion, disappearance and from vanishing. To answer this question we can simply say that we should use our resources optimally. (Kemp, 2007). It is believed that the next war that would be held would be for the sole habit of resources. The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre highlights the hidden objective of the resources.Although this act would be illegal and an immoral thing or practice, and indeed many countries other than the one going for the w ar would object to this act for spoiling the world peace. U. S is a super power of the world and it is forever trying to get hold of the resources. They are doing this by capturing resources, snatching them and raiding the countries that have abundant of these resources such as O. P. E. C countries and countries with no or minimal enigmas of the water shortage or the countries thave abundant of resources like the crude oil, natural coal and the natural gas.(Harris 2004). The reason why some countries have been the target of the United States is because although these countries ability have some kinds of resources, however they do not have any resources that can be used to combat the threat or the attack coming from the super power such as the US and countries that are the allies of the U. S. such as European Union that also includes Turkey. Furthermore, these countries have a very weak defence and military, but the most important two factors that are responsible for their vulnera bility are mentioned below. Lack of Decisive and Prowess Leadership. Ignorance to the current personal matters and the intelligence. This is one of the major problems that might create huge problems for the countries US has their eyes on. With all the afore mentioned details to the problem, now let us go deeper in to the affects of the ignorance this problem environment exploitation that is also supported by the fact that he next war expected to take place is on the resources. The mere resources which were once used with out any fear of them being depleted once are now being depleted all because of the omit of the knowledge and the lack of the far sightedness of the problem.Now this problem has become very prominent and inevitable. The depletion of resources is not a small problem but it is vice versa. It is a very big problem that can greatly affect our future generations and if this problem goes unsolved today then our generations will have no future or to put it more realistic ally our future generation is going to be at the mercy of an unsafe future with lots of pollutants in the air. Therefore, if this problem goes unrectified then its repercussions can be innumerable, our future generation is at stake and now is definitely the time to act upon.(Horner, 2007). The United States of America, in past many years have taken initiative to contribute towards environment uplift and betterment of the environment. Environmental hazards do not have any boundary. The boundaries separating the countries subordinate to environmental impacts. planetary warming, green house gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide penetration know no boundary and their impact is much due to which there is a dire need now is to prevent exposure to these hazards.However, the US cannot alone can not take any initiative to combat this seemingly deadly hazard and so it requires input and the cumulative effort to prevent this penetration in to our lives and body but as the US is one of the m ajor super powers of the world, it must take the initiative. Furthermore, US is well equipped with resources and can lead the world to save the environment. (Houghton, 2004). US has repeatedly been warned of the repercussions of the gases from chimneys that their factories and companies are producing and how their industrial wastage is discarded.Furthermore, US have broken many protocols and pacts on this regard and continue to exploit environment. US can also be given the name of one of the worlds biggest pollutants. The environments can also affect international marketing decisions and the planning system of the countries. This is because two different states have two different governments and thus having different polices and laws. Therefore, the marketing decisions that are taken in a country are different from each other according to the social, economic and political environment that exists in the country. (Kitchen Schultz, 2000).ReferenceAbel,D. C. McConnell,R. L. (2007). E nvironmental Issues An incoming to Sustainability. 3rd Edn. Prentice Hall, Paperback. Horner,C. C. (2007). The Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming and Environmentalism. Regnery Publishing, Inc. , Paperback. Kemp,D. D. (2007). Exploring Environmental Issues (Kindle Edition). 1st Edn. Taylor Francis. Kitchen,P. Schultz,D. (2000). Communicating Globally An Integrated Marketing Approach. London, Macmillan Business. Scorecard. (n. d. ). More Facts on Pollution. January 3rd, 2009. Retrieved from http//www. scorecard. org/

Rise And Rise Of Dhirubhai

Rise And Rise Of DhirubhaiDhirubhai once said Our dreams have to be crowingger, our ambitions higher(prenominal), our commitment deeper and our efforts greater. This is my dream for assurance. In fact, this is my dream for India. Indeed Dhirubhai has been successful in bringing his dream to reality. From a humble beginning, Dhirubhai Ambani was successfully able to build up the largest Business conglomerate in India in a span of just 25 years. Today, the turnover of opinion Industries forms 3% of the entire GDP.This tremendous growth in such a small time is the result of the large amount of hard work, dedication and excellence that Dhirubhai Ambani brought in to the culture of combine Industries. As they say, on that point are two sides of the coin. While there is no doubt that Dhirubhai Ambani was a highly intelligent and dedicated manager, he was not perfect, in the right sense. For a long time Dhirubhais ethics have been a matter of debate. While some consider him as a shrewd businessman, the others dont approve of certain things he did.HistoryDhirajlal Hirachand Ambani was born on 28th December 1932, in Chorwad Gujarat into a Modh family of moderate means. He was the second son of a school teacher. Right from childhood Dhirubhai was precocious and highly intelligent. He was highly impatient of the oppressive grinding mill of the school classroom. Chose work that used his forcible ability to the maximum quite an than cramming school lessons.At the age of 16, Dhirubhai printd to Aden, Yemen. He worked there as a clerk for A. Besse Co. For two years. Later he was supportd to manage the companys oil weft station at the port of Aden, when A. Besse became the distributors for Shell.Ten years later, Dhirubhai returned to India and started a business assurance Commercial Corporation with a capital of Rs. 1 calciferol0.00. The primary business of cartel Commercial Corporation was import polyester yarn and export spices. The business was setup in partne rship with Chambaklal Damani, his second cousin who was in like manner there with him in Aden. The branch-year office of cartel Commercial Corporation was set up in Narsinathan Street at Masjid Bunder. It was a 350 sq. Ft room with a teleph unitary, one table and three chairs. Initially they had two assistants to help them in their business. In 1965, Chambaklal Damani and Dhirubhai Ambani ended their partnership and Dhirubhai started on his own.It is believed that both had contrary temperament and a different take on business. While Mr. Damani was a conscious trader and did not believe in building yarn inventories, Dhirubhai was a k nown risk taker and he considered that building inventories with anticipating a price rise and making some profit is uncorrupted for growth. During this period, Dhirubhai and his family used to stay in a one bedroom flatbed in Bhuleshwar. In 1968, he moved from the chawl to an upmarket apartment at Altamount Road, in South Mumbai. His first car w as a premier Padmini. In mid-seventies he bought a white Cadillac car.Dhirubhai started his first textile mill in Naroda in the year 1966. Textiles were manufactured using polyester fibre yarn. Dhirubhai started the brand Vimal, named after his nephew. protracted marketing of the brand in the interiors of India made Vimal a household name. Franchised retail outlets were started to sell only Vimal brand of textiles. In the year 1975, a technical team from the World Bank, visit this unit and certified it as excellent even by developed country standards.Banks and financial institutions repeatedly turned him down when he needed money the most. He was just not in the same league as other businessmen of his time.This made him an out of the box thinker. Dhirubhais first public offering of 28.2 lakh integrity helpings in the then Reliance Textiles in November 1977 was oversubscribed nearly seven times. The cut down fetched him Rs 3 crore, a big sum by the standards of those days. Betwee n 1979 and 1982, Reliance made four debenture issues. In 1979 it was for a worsted mill in 1980, for modernising its textile mill in 1981, to manufacture polyester filament yarn at Patalganga. In 1982, he topped it all with a record Rs 50-crore issue for expansion and diversification.Dhirubhai treated his shareholders manage family members. such royal treatment endeared him to his investors, says Kisan Ratilal Choksey, Chairman of KR Choksey Shares and Securities, a leading Mumbai brokerage firm.Dhirubhai understood the military force of equity funding for his mega projects, says Devesh Kumar, homosexualaging Director of Centrum Broking. In that sense, he was a visionary, way ahead of his times, and an out-of-the-box thinker, he adds. He always made sure that the investors got returns commensurate their investments. Marriages, businesses, studies abroad of the investors have been said to be financed by Reliance. He coined the full term Mega Issue. His faith in retail investor a lso gave a leg up to BSE and its 30-share sensitive index, Sensex. Lured by Reliances power to deliver dividends and higher stock prices, thousands flocked to the market.Dhirubhai was a visionary, because he savoured at the future a future he knew he may not even be around to enjoy. scarce that what propelled him and his stakeholder benefited from his search for a better future.In 1982 Ambani began the process of backward integration, setting up a plant to manufacturePolyester filament yarn. He subsequently diversified into chemicals, gas, petrochemicals, plastics, and power and telecommunication services. RIL bought IPCL from the government of India to become Indias largest petrochemical p mystifyer.After the launch of the refining arm of reliance, Reliance achieved a huge cashflow position and has never looked back. Mukesh Ambanis statement that RIL will be like a makoda where even if a few legs are hurt, the organism will be hale and hearty and not stop its march forward.Behin d the Scenes scorn his affability, some of his old colleagues describe Dhirubhai as a dark character-not just because of the darkish skin he inherited from his father-but for the ambition and risk taking he hardly concealed.He exported spices, often at a loss, and used replenishment licenses to import rayon. Later, when rayon started to be manufactured in India, he exported rayon, again at a loss, and imported nylon. Ambani was always a step ahead of the competitors. With the imported items being heavily in demand, his profit margins were rarely under 300 percentIn the 1950s the Yemini administration realized that their main unit of currency Rial was in disappearing. After investigating the matter it was realized that all Rials were routed to the Port city of Aden. There a young man in twenties was placing unlimited buy orders of Yemini Rials.During those days the Yemini Rial was a pure silver coin and was very much in demand at the London Bullion Exchange. Young Dhirubhai would b uy Rial, melt it in pure silver and sell it to bullion traders in London.Reliance expanded its equity base by frequent rights and bonus issues to shareholders, while financial institutions converted 20 per cent of their loans into equity in September 1979. But the use of convertible debentures catapulted Dhirubhai Ambani into the big league in the capital markets. Dhirubhai had anticipated the governments policy with regards to the convertible debentures and the Series I issue of part convertible debentures by Reliance in October 1979 raised Rs 70 million.Although Reliance was not alone in trying the long disused instrument but from late 1980 the issues of partially convertible debentures coming from Reliance in quick succession, raising Rs 108 million in September from its Series 11 and Rs 240 million from its Series 111 the next year, and Rs 500 trillion from Series IV in April 1982.Dhirubhai capped that by obtaining from Sen Gupta clearance to do what should normally be legally impossible converting the non-convertible portions of the four debenture issues into equity. This turn out to be a master stroke.By this method, dubbed a brilliant and unconventional move by many, Dhirubhai-Reliance was able to chop Rs 735 million off its debt book in 1983, and turn it into comparatively modest equity of Rs 103 million, while reserves were raised by Rs 632 million. Instead of an annual interest bill of Rs 96.5 million on debentures, the dividend kernel from the extra equity was only around Rs 36 million. This transmutation allowed Reliance to continue raising more quasi-debt, with its E Series of partially convertible debentures in October 1984 which raised another Rs 800 million. This reduced the debt equity ratio and further increased the attractiveness of the Reliance stock which was becoming an outperformer on the Indian Stock exchanges. Reliance always used to persuade the regulators with respect to its debenture issues. This did not mean that all its issues were approved without any hurdles.All questions being raised were not sell of by Reliances policy of SALAM.On one occasion, the regulator rejected the premium that Reliance was seeking to gear up on an issue, on the ground that projected favorableness had not been indicated. Without a pro-forma balance sheet for the current year-an extension of results to date-it could not be accepted.In 1982, Dhirubhai created waves in the stock markets when he took on a Kolkata-based arrangement of bear operators that had sought to hammer down the share price of Reliance Industries. The cartel badly underestimated the Ambani ability to fight back. Not only did Dhirubhai manage to go over the purchase of close to a million shares that the bear cartel offloaded, he demand physical delivery of shares. The bear cartel was rattled. In the process, the bourses were thrown into a state of turmoil and the Bombay Stock Exchange had to shut down for a couple of days before the crisis was resolved.Afte r this incident many questions were raised by the press. People could not understand that how a yarn trader till a few years ago was able to raise such a huge cash flow in the time of crisis. The answer stood in a story detailed how companies registered in the tax haven, Isle of Man, with ridiculous name like Crocodile Investments, Iota Investments and Fiasco Investments had purchased Reliance shares at one-fifth their market prices. Curiously, most of these firms were controlled by a clutch of non-resident Indians who had the same surname, Shah. Yet another denomination detailed how the separate had been the beneficiary of a loan mela a number of banks had loaned finances to more than 50 firms that had all purchased debentures issued by Reliance IndustriesIn 1993, Reliance was in the bidding for several oilfields in the Arabian Sea. The government oil search corporation had discovered the fields but did not have the funds to build the huge production rigs, gas compressors and p ipelines that were needed. Several contacts among rival bidders were alleging that the tender was being rigged in favour of Reliance. Indian politicians and bureaucrats are masters at tilting an open and transparent tender into a one-horse race, by techniques such as keeping the weighting of bidding factors uncertain or secretly promising later concessions to compensate for underbidding. In the event, Reliance swept the field, and a director with one of the losers told me We were shafted, and for the wrong reasons.Corporate RivalryReliance frequently, routinely, put any rebuke or opposition to its actions down to motives of envy or a desire to pull down anyone achieving success. Throughout every crisis caused by exposure of alleged manipulations, its publicity took on a self-pitying Why is everyone always picking on us? tone. But the record tends to show that it was Dhirubhai and Reliance who often made the first move to put a spoke in a rivals wheels, whether it was Kapal Mehra o f Orkay Silk Mills, Nusli Wadia of the Bombay Dyeing Group or, latterly, the Ruias of the Essar group. Coincidentally with disputes with Reliance, various rivals were hit with government inspections, tax problems, unfavourable press reports and physical attacks. The mid-eighties were a period during which the Reliance group got locked in a bitter turf battle with Bombay Dyeing headed by Nusli Wadia. The two corporate groups were producing competing products Reliance was manufacturing purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and Bombay Dyeing, di-methyl terephthalate (DMT). Wadia lost the battle and reportedly became the source of information for many of the articles against the Ambanis that subsequently appeared inThe Indian Express. In 1985, the Mumbai police accused a general manager in a Reliance group company of conspiring to kill Wadia, a charge that was never established in a court of law. numerous years later, a newspaper owned by the Ambanis would accuse Wadia of illegally holding two passports and played up the fact that he was Mohammed Ali Jinnahs grandson.Year 1986 was a crucial one for Dhirubhai. He suffered a stroke in February that year. A few months later, theExpressbegan publishing a series of articles attacking the Reliance group as well as the Indira Gandhi regime for favouring the Ambanis. These articles were co-authored by Arun Shourie who, ironically, later as Union Minister for Disinvestment in the Atal Behari Vajpayee government, presided over the sale of 26 per cent of the equity capital of the former public sector company, Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL), to the Reliance group. By gaining managerial control over IPCL, the Reliance group would now be able to dominate the Indian market for a wide variety of petrochemical products.Ramnath Goenka, once a friend of Dhirubhai, and owner of The Indian Express was also considered to be close with Nusli Wadia. On many occasions, Ramnath Goenka tried to intervene between the two warri ng factions and bring an end to the enmity. As the days passed by The Indian Express carried a series of articles against Reliance Industries and Dhirubhai in which they claimed that Dhirubhai was using unfair trade practices to maximise the profits. As Reliance had a close relationship with The Indian Express, Ramnath Goenka did not use his staff at the Indian Express to investigate the case but assigned his close confidant, advisor and chartered accountant S. Gurumurthy for this task. asunder from S. Gurumurthy, another journalist Maneck Davar who was not on the rolls of Indian Express started contributing stories.The end to the tussle came only after Dhirubhai Ambani met with a stroke. While Dhirubhai Ambani was recovering in San Diego, his sons Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani managed the affairs. The Indian Express had turned the guns against Reliance and was directly blaming the government for not doing enough to penalise Reliance Industries. The battle between Wadia Goenka and Ambanis had become so big that it became a national crisis.It was not as if Indian politicians had not helped other industrialists in the past. However, the difference in the business-politics nexus at that time lay in the fact that by the time the Reliance groups fortunes were on the rise, the Indian economy had become more competitive. Thus, it was not enough for those in power to promote the interests of a particular business group. It became necessary to simultaneously put down the competition.Managing the EnvironmentDhirubhai, more than many of his fellow industrialists, understood and appreciated the importance of managing the environment, a euphemism for keeping politicians and bureaucrats happy. Ideas are no ones monopoly. Those who criticise me and Reliances growth are slaves to tradition, if not to outright conservatism and complacency the criticisms were put down to jealousy. But the same Man also felt you have to sell your ideas to the government. Selling the idea is th e most important thing, and for that Id meet anybody in the government. I am willing to salaam anyone. His willingness to salaam anyone and his cultivation of junior staff and newcomers had by the early 1980s created a huge network of friends in politics, government ministries and financial circles. Earlier, goodwill had been cemented by gifts of the celebrated suit-lengths of material. After the float of Reliance in 1977, Dhirubhai was able to allocate parcels of shares or debentures from the promoters quota of any issue, with a profit virtually guaranteed by the gap between issue and market prices or by the prospect of conversion. He made no secret of the fact that he did not have an ego when it came to paying curtain call before government officials be they of the rank of secretary to the Government of India or a lowly peon.It is hardly a secret that Dhirubhais support base would tardily cut across political lines. Very few politicians have had the gumption to oppose the Amba nis, just as the overwhelming majority of journalists in the country prefer not to be critical of the Reliance group. The Indian media, most of the time, has chosen to lap up whatever has been doled out by the groups public relations executives. The bureaucratism too has, by and large, favoured the Ambanis, not merely on account of the fact that manybabus have got accustomed to receiving expensive hampers on the occasion ofdiwali.Indira Gandhis return to power opened a golden period for Dhirubhai Ambani. In 1979, his company barely made it to the list of Indias 50 biggest companies, measured by annual sales, profits or assets. By 1984, Reliance was in the largest five. Dhirubhai himself had become one of the most talked and written about persons in India, gaining a personal following more like that of a sports or entertainment star than a businessman. It was also the period when Dhirubhai made the most rapid part of his transition, in the bitter words of a major(postnominal) non-C ongress politician in 1996, from supplicant-the most abject kind of supplicant-to influencer and then to controller of Indian politics.Dhirubhai A legendPeople close to Dhirubhai said that there were three Dhirubhai Ambanis. One was unique, larger than life, a brand name. He was one of the most talked about industrialists, and for Gujarati people he has tremendous emotional and sentimental appeal. He is their crowning(prenominal) man, and has inspired many emulators. The second Dhirubhai Ambani is a schemer, a first-class liar, who regrets nothing and has no values in life. Then there is the third Dhirubhai Ambani, who has a more sophisticated political brain, a dreamer and a visionary, almost Napoleonic. People always getting the three personalities mistaken.Dhirubhai was one man who tried to look beyond the obvious, who resistd to dream and dared to achieve his dream. He did not let anything stop him. No restriction was strong enough to stop Dhirubhai Ambani. Whether what Dhiru bhai has been claimed to do, he actually did or not, there is certainly no denying the fact that there is no businessman in India who attracted as much adulations as he did. He was more than a legend in his lifetime. He successfully convinced 4 million middle class households to invest their hard earned savings in Reliance Industry Groups. He fondly referred to his shareholders as family members and conducted annual shareholder meetings in the atmosphere of large melas attended by hordes.Dhirubhai Ambani was different man to different people. To his millions of investors, who had seen their share prices multiply, he was a business messiah. To one writer, he was a Frankensteins Monster created by Indias experiments with close government control of the economy. The strictly controlled import licences given to registered exporters of textiles, allowing import of raw materials worth a certain percentage of their export earnings. Like many others, Dhirubhai realised that these import or replenishment licences (known as REPS) were as good as money, even though some of them were officially not transferrable and imports had to be made by the actual user of the materials. By paying higher margins than any other traders, Dhirubhai soon became the main player in the market for REP licences. The margins were tiny in the trade itself but his dominance also put him in the position of being able to turn on and off much of the supply of yarn into the Indian market.ConclusionDhirubhai Ambani built his company through outstanding abilities and drive on many fronts as an innovative financier, an inspiring manager of talent, an astute marketer of his products, and as a forward-looking industrialist. The energy and dauntless that showed itself in his early pranks, practical jokes and trading experiments developed into a boldness and willingness to live with risk that few if any other Indian corporate chiefs would dare to emulate. His extraordinary talent for sustaining relations hips, and sometimes impressing men of standing, won him vital support from both governments and institutions.The dark side of his abilities was an eye for human weakness and a willingness to knead it. This gained him preferential treatment or at least a blind eye from the whole gamut of Indian institutions at various times.

Gothic Culture And Modern Fashions Cultural Studies Essay

black letter Culture And Modern modes Cultural Studies EssayTowards the end of the 7ties there emerged a bran-new y erupth bomberculture that stemmed from the fragmenting Punk barb commonly referred to as churl. Goth appe bed to assume the trappings of chivalric literature and film which was primarily based on Baroque art. As such, members of the Goth subculture reborn the characteristic features of this literature as well as film wherein they transformed them into a form of resistance to suburban Britain. Subsequently, this resistance by the Goth migrated to some other regions including America as well as Australia which were presumably perceived non only to be small minded just now in any case dull. The link amid the Goth subculture and Gothic literature is not clear. This is because the translation of literature into street style has often been approached with bemusement or s accuse overlooked by a monumental number of scholars. However, the two subjects draw a stron g relation through the medium of fashion. In these respect, the proposeer Gareth Pugh has emerged out as one of the nigh interesting as well as unique figures in the world of fashion from London. Pughs style entrenched in Goth subculture quite clearly depends on a spectacular style or sets of styles from which the artist invents his identity. This primarily represents another characteristic feature of Gothics preoccupation with clothes and as such fashion. It is the presumption of this publisher that the Goth sub-culture has had tremendous influence on fashion that has changed the demeanor in which clothing is represented in Gothic discourses.Goth HistoryA signifi lott chunk of the Goth subculture and the resurgence of interest in this way of life emphasizes on the mutation of Goth into an autonomous youth subculture towards the close of the seventies. This explains the relatively schoolgirlish age of proponents such as Gareth Pugh who further the ideal of the Goth sub-culture through fashion. During the seventies, the Goth culture was conduct by post punk groups including the Birthday Party, The Sisters of Mercy, Bauhus, Siouxsie and the Banshees (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). The groups led other Goth adherents to the Goth style that combined the graveyard exorcism of 19th century mourning costume and petulant sexuality of fetish with the nihilistic delusion of Punk to create a macabre aesthetic. The garments that the adherents adorned were predominantly black. However, according to Spooner and Spooner, (2004)these were accessorised with memento mori motifs and vampire makeup as fig. 1 illustrates.Fig. 1 Gothic FashionAlthough the main period of the popularity of the Goth Spanned in the eighties, the culture has proved to be remarkably long living as it has persisted both in the 1990s and last into the twenty first century. In the mid eighties towards the late 1990s, there however emerged cultural figures that began heralding the revival of the Gothic culture by pointing out the change magnitude number of bands that were largely influenced by the Goth subculture including Garbage, Marilyn Manson together with their black dressed acolytes (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). Commentators also often cited the resurgence of the Goth sub-cultural influence in haute couture, film, literary fiction, as well as fine art and other derived genres of music including hip-hop and techno.Toward the end of the twentieth century, critical discourses that surrounded the Goth subculture illustrated a significant commove away from psychoanalytical methods towards historicism. In this regard, this discourse exhibited an increased level of self-consciousness in relation to the processes of textual and fashion production. Baldwick and Minghall, (2000) pointed out a trend in which 20th century theorisations of the Goth subculture focused on the irrational, the spiritual as well as the subversive at the expense of accurate historical analysis. such(prenomina l) a strategy frequently constitutes a kind of idealisation whereby Gothic subculture is privileged with whatever contravening roles generally associated with the critic. Arguably, such a process of canonical refilling as well as critical annexation has recorded an increase with the advent of millennium celebrations (Stevens, 2000). Gothic art has developed a trend in which it resurfaces at the fin de sicle whereby as the fin to end all siecles approaches swiftly, the fervour of the subculture reaches a peculiar climax (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). This aspect was captured well by Grunenberg, (1997) who postulated that the juvenile society exists in a particularly dire time. This period according to Grunenberg constitutes the Gothic period of fear, moral disintegration, horror as well as the perverse indulgence in extreme pleasures. Gothic fashion as such, has evolved to be a quid pro quo for disturbing and sombre moods, events and places as well as cultural by products of the con temporary society in America (Steele and Park, 2008). Despite the point that a low number of individuals carried with them the expectation of the world ending at the turn of the 21st century, a true fin-de sicle feeling wrought with elements of cultural pessimism as well as spiritual malaise permeated society at the time. This spirit persists in modern day societys fashion.The Goth CultureOne problem that arises when discussing the Goth subculture is that it draws a profound connection to punk and also emphasizes on dramatic visual style (Spoooner and Spooner, 2004 Polhemus, 1995). Ultimately, this has resulted into the Goth subculture being regarded as a spectacular culture despite it being a fan culture as well. Fan communities have to a significant degree been regarded in relation to media texts for instance, the Star Trek series. However, there exist various similarities between communities described by Jenkins, (1992) and common practices usually associated with the Goth sub-c ulture. Fan communities actively develop their own ways of life from fragments and scrap that are usually scavenged from the media. Jenkins, (1992) describes this process of creative appropriation as textual poaching. Much in the same light, Goth fashion as an element of Goth subculture is particularly focused on consumption. This consumption does not only constitute clothing, but also includes cinematic and literary narratives, sub-cultural commodities and music. Much in the same way that television series fans like Doctor Who or Star Trek develop their identities through their love for the aforementioned series, Goth such as Pugh suture their identity from a complicated system of cinematic and literary affiliations through integrating several archetypes and characters they meet during their fantasy lives, ultimately realizing them through costume or fashion. While some Goths may come across as more literate compared to others in the overall tradition of Gothic representation, all have to either a lesser or greater fulfilment constructed their identities, Frankenstein like, from the fragments and scraps of that way of life. This process of developing identity is demonstrated by Tim Burtons early short film by the name Vincent. In this production, Vincent Molloy, a seven year old boy imagined himself as taking the identity of another person, Vincent bell whereby he conducted himself as Price would. This fan tribute to the oeuvre of Price does not draw any contradictions in relation to attitude and the kind of fan fiction produced around fantasy series and science fiction.However, this does not imply that Goth is a fan culture in any straight-forward way. This is because it is possible for an individual to be a fan of horror films or Gothic novels without required being a Goth. On the contrary, Goth is a combination of the elements of spectacular culture and fan culture ultimately creating a monstrous hybrid between the two ways of life. The resulting cultu re is one in which symbolic resistance is not only enacted through fashion or spectacular style but also embraces narratives that are generally perceived to be dangerous and as such, falling out of general societal conventions. The development of Gothic as an anti-canonical marginalised subgenre as such, propels the cultures sense of resistance to a cultural hegemony of the bland (Hannaham, 1997). Such acts of self-definition constitute the concurrent definition of a mainstream that has been developed as the other by its several(prenominal) subculture. According to Thornton, (2008) this fantasised mainstream may or may not bear any link to what is real. However, it is the product of the subculture out of a desire for difference. Thornton contends that vague opposition can be outwardly stated to be that questioning the number of members of youth subcultures characterising their own activities. Significant to note is the fact that youthful discourses can not be taken literally. This is because these discourses are not mere transparent windows that reflect on the world. A significant number of cultural critics have been insufficiently critical of sub cultural ideologies. This trend is firstly attributed to the fact that they were diverted by the task of contesting and puncturing dominant ideologies and secondly owing to the fact that their biases have tended to agree with the anti spate society discourses of the youth sub-cultural groups they study.This is to say, while the formulations of power in given subcultures are potentially fertile crownics for research, investing in subcultures that have been known for their transgression as well as subversion has often proved to be problematic. This is because research in addition to leading to a better understanding of the phenomenon under study, also highlights such phenomenon from obscurity. This implies that aspects that were overlooked in the past owing to the low degree of societal subscription to such doctrines have the potential of becoming famous. This new-born fame is often attributed to researchers. Due to the fact that society loathes aspects of subversive and transgressing elements, researchers have the tendency to steer away from such elements and cultures including Goth. Holmes, (1997) illustrates this element in Gothic culture in his essay coming out of the coffin. He contends that punk and Goth cultures in contrast to exhibiting stability as many would like them to, exist by way of suturing both the anti-canonical and the canonical as well as the high and low, the romantic and cynical in addition to the straight and the queer. Embracing these aspects in most circumstances is through the Gothic tradition in general as well as through one of the cultures prominent figures, the vampire (Fig 2) (Auerbach, 1995 Goddzu, 2007). In many ways, this is an accurate evocation of Goth, capturing the complexness of its several poses.Fig 2. Barnabas Collins, Vampire Jonathan Frid in the televi sion series Dark ShadowsCostumeGothic fashion is a form of clothing that is usually associated with members of the Goth subculture. It is a unilluminated form of art which sometimes tends to be highly insensitive and morbid with some quarters terming it as an eroticised form of fashion or style of dress. In its typical form, Gothic fashion is characterised with black hips, dyed black hair, and black clothes (Grunenberg, 1997). Additionally, both male and female members of the Goths subculture wear dark fingernails as well as dark eyeliners.The function of clothes within Goth subculture is largely dependent on who is wearing them (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). It was custom for the 1980s shopping mall class individuals to enact rebellion only through implicit and stereotyped ridiculous dress codes while the avant-garde classless individual of the modern day fashion like Gareth Pugh is stylishly subversive of convention. Gareth Pugh as a new generation figure is both glamorous and con fident. Pugh is constructed as an individual that is always aiming for the top and forward as opposed to relying on the past to provide him with a referral page for his heading. In fact, his world of design is framed in a way that it conforms to utopian principles where both intellectual and irrational forces intermingle in the creation of form. When Gareth Pughs work is perceived under a lens with such an understanding, it takes on a new significance for the designers fans. The implication here is that other designers subscribe to conventional lines of thought and as such, design. An individual that adorns Pughs design on the contrary is stylish and belongs to the new variety. In other words, wearing Pughs design has the capability of transforming an individual from a conventional person to a Gaultier Goth (Spooner and Spooner, 2004).Design in itself is an artistic whimsey integrated with certain tastes that the artist fancies as ideal (Gardner, Kleiner and Mamiya, 2005). These i mpressions as expressed in garments draw from a wide history in the long conventional tradition of art. As such, artists such as Pugh have the tendency to look back at elements that were embraced in the past to which they base their form of art. Subsequently, art and design integrate, ultimately combining inflatable garments, black and white colours as well as geometric shapes in addition to materials such as polyvinyl chloride and plastics (Fargis, 1998). These forms are characteristic of classical Gothic and baroque art.Fig. 3ConclusionIn conclusion, the complexity of Gareth Pughs images is accompanied by an increasing sense of Gothicism in the design themselves. The designer has deliberately courted the Gothic in his work frequently returning to themes of automata, prosthesis and automata (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). While garments that were featured in earlier images in the 90s would be moderately wearable by most of consumers in the mainstream, most of Pughs are increasingly perverse and esoteric Fig. 3. These later images however particularly resonate Gothic themes. These are not only limited to the characteristic features of imprisonment, vampirism and torture but upon a closer scrutiny also resonate with the kind of structural conventions Eve Sedgwick identifies as characteristic features of Gothic literature (Spooner and Spooner, 2004). Vampirism as portrayed in these images is ostentatiously a surface effect implying no illusion of realism. By conflating the penetrating scan with the penetrating fangs, Pughs designs seem to have undergone what Sedgwick referred to as contagion or the manner Gothic literature contends that aspects of a given element are transferred to another.List of figuresFig. 1. Gothic Fashion., Otherclothing.co.uk, onlineFig. 2 Barnabas Collins, Vampire Jonathan Frid in the television series Dark Shadows by William Patrick Day (2002), p.37Fig.3. dash.com (2008) Wicked with a capital W by Gareth Pugh in Vogue Magazine Autumn/Wi nter 2008-9, online

Environmental Analysis At Tui

Environmental digest At TuiINTRODUCTIONThe modern era of phone line is much complicated than the previous. Any organisation must seek to lowstand the nature of its competitive environment if it is to be successful in achieving its objectives and in establishing provide strategies. For this the organisation and those conduct them need to improve their understanding of the nature of the organisational structure, the importance of technology and the role they play in the organisation for improving the public presentation. This report presents the boilers suit outline of the tourism effort, achieving, maintaining leadership and implications of the changing line environment with respect to TUI case study.TUI is one among the largest European tourer operator in the world which is the leading worldwide leisure turn on which operates approximately in 180 countries worldwide and serves more(prenominal) than 30 million customers in over 24 source foodstuffs. starting signal its business as Preussag which was operating in smelting and mining industry, profitability was decreasing in that sector so it gave an exit to that sector and entered tourism industry, a basal decision to change. It started acquiring other tourist operators included its acquisition of major European tourist operators by late 1990s. In 2001, all the brands and firms were put under the World of TUI. Till 2005 and after that TUI has taken the first view in tourism industry and has worldwide operations. TUIs strategy was to have its label in close to all parts of the world. Their main objective is to have a strong brand portfolio in all parts of the world and constantly raising the per take inance of the international tourism industry.BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AT TUIStrategic management includes understanding the strategic position of an organisation, strategic survivals for the future and managing strategy in action (Johnson et al, 2008). Strategic position identifies the impa ct of foreign environment, strategic capability, expectation and influence of stakeholders on strategy. The business environment can be divided into (refer adjunct 11.2) Through the DEEPLIST (Demographic, Economic, Ecologic, Political, Legal, Informational, cordial and Technologic) analysis, from a macro level, examining factors within the remote environment and show how they influence tourism industry. Moreover, Porters Five Forces, including the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, potential threats from house servant substitutes and overseas entrants, and the intensity of controversy, will focus on the structural determinants of the intensity of competition that stir the tourism industry from a micro level (Stubbs, 2000). despenny change due to technology is the transformation of business activities which is not regular and not done all the time. According to Anderson et al (2001) change is catalysed by turning of forces that trigger it and these forces start off in t he organisation or the martplace. Change in business is required if core formes, organisation structures, rules and procedures are not in force(p) enough to achieve the desired goal. Following are the change drivers which triggers change in tourism industry. The Key drivers to be considered here are Political, Technology and Socio-culture/Demographics (refer concomitant 11.2).PESTEL/DEEPLIST ANALYSISDemographicsSocial issues can create great problems to business and this can result in business change in the tourism industry. One facet of social change consists of changes in peoples attitudes, values and beliefs when they visit different places. Other aspects of social change are in the field of culture, social structure and of the patterns of behaviour. Social problems can be anything affecting the nature, social institutions, and community of people or group of individuals. The business might be aiming at developmental change and receipts of the society but it can be taken in negative sense by some group of people who believe the business is eliminating the vivacious way of living. Thus this may affect the TUIs operations and market share as customers are the main asset for companys growth.Political IssuesIn general form the case study, international tourist arrivals recorded across the world was more than 800 million which was due to the growing annual pace 10 years prickle in the tourism industry was quoted according to World Tourism Organisation (WTO) in which policy issues are accounted.Terrorism We can fill out that on that point was 5.5 per cent growth rate and 10 per cent growth in 2004 seemed to be like the tourism industry had taken a boom indicated the rise which was followed by insecurity created after the various terrorist attacks in Newyork (2001), Djerba (2002), Bali (2003) and Madrid (2004) during 2001-2003.London bomb attacks in July 2005 really did not affect the arrivals in UK. In fact there was a 10 per cent increase on tourist ar rivals in the Northern Europe and UK. Usually terrorist attacks at destinations have an adverse effect on tourism industry as people tend not to visit those places out of fear and insecurity.Security In 2005 TUI was considered to be the biggest tour operator in Europe. The wholesaler tour offers packaged or all-inclusive prepaid and pre planned holidays to its customers which offered security and the value for the vacationer.Taxation if any common Value added tax is introduced for all booking made through net profit/mobile. Poor people will be affected greatly compared to rich in the society. This may reduce internet transactions.Social IssuesTraumatic effect on international travel from 2000 to 2004 is due to global economic downturn and the health crisis, such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003.We can also consider the Demography, social values which lead to social problems, cultural features wherein peoples attitude for the tour can change accordingly. Economic Issues financial The WTO forecasted that the 1 billion arrivals spot would be passed in 2010 and by 2020 there would be 1.6 billion international tourist arrivals, which seems to be the expansion of tourism do the future of the world economy and activity.Exchange Rate Typically, an income per capita of source countries and the congenator price of exported tourist dish ups as the main determinants of demand. Demand has generally been give to be highly income elastic, consistent with international tourism being a luxury good and highly responsive to changes in the relative price of tourist services when measured as the real exchange rate relative to the destination dry land.Competition All the package tours offered through travel agents such as Thomas Cook, My Travel group, Rewe Touristik and First Choice Holidays are the main competitors for TUI even though in 2005 it took a major market share in European tourism market.Lodging, food, beverage, leisure, tourist demand spending, channels of distribution leads to weakness and mights of economic sectors. Tourism is the major trend in economy (Manuel et al, 1999).Ecological /Environmental Issues one C is the main affluent which is taken into account when tourism industry is concerned about package tours offered to customers which is composed of air transportation. Even oxides of nitrogen due to the burn of fuel, packing plastic bags for food preservation by travel industry are hazardous to environment.Climate change is one of the biggest challenges as a tourism sector. According to the UN World Tourism Organization, travel and tourism contributes around 5% of total global carbon emissions. Along with some other industries, the leisure travel sector is feeling the effects of climate change, and in the future we can see changes in the quality of tourist seasons, an increase in the intensity of tropical storms and rainfall, and more severe droughts (www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009).Tourism is known as a t hirsty industry, due to the amount of water required for tourism activities such as golf game courses, swimming pools and washing of linen. Water scarcity is likely to be an issue for the business in the medium to long-term (www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009). Climatic conditions may influence the decisions of customers in effect in tourism industry (Example change in season or heavy rain pour). but, tourism sector also has a significant authoritative impact on the people who live and run short in the destinations. Tourism is one of the worlds largest industries, contributing around 11% to global GDP. It is particularly important for exploitation economies, and is a top five export in 80% of developing countries.2.1.6 Technological IssuesIn March 2005 TUI launched the virtual tour operator Touropa.com, in Germany, merchandising travel tours not only online, but also through travel agencies, television and call centres which bolstered TUIs place as the European head in the figure sale o f travel products with a turnover of 2.6 billion in 2005.Online transactions and booking include broadband service and internet technology in tourism industry.2.1.7 Legal IssuesIssue of online trademark nurtureion, spawning, mouse-trapping spoofing, cyber-squatting, domain name fraud, as well as spyware. Internet grocery storeing in Hotel industry and Tourism lets us to know that loss of control of a companys trademark can occur (for example when a third party bids on a trademarked term on search engines), not only may lead to loss in revenues, but also brand confusion by the consumer.For Example My Travel Group was under reorganization after several bad years, including 2005 when revenue decreased by 19 per cent, under claims of accounting and mis management.TUI is active in the shipping business which includes logistics and containers, during shipping legal factors are to be considered with many countrys legal scenarios which have to be met with high terms. Import and export dut y are also considered. planetary trading is the other part of TUI wherein most of the activities were taken into account other than shipping where in legal terms will have a greater impact on the tourism industry.PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSISPORTERS five forces diagram explains how forces like buyer power and threat of new entry creates competitive rivalry and ultimately leads to business change for the current tourism industry based on the development in the market and detail analysis is carried out in the vermiform process 11.3 (Porter, 1985).INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES AT TUIInternal analysis is done to explore the contribution of resources in achieving profits and to analyse how the internal resources of an organization helps in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The importance of internal resources in adding value to TUI can be analysed using two approaches- the value chains the value system (refer appendix 11.4).3.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS3.2.1 Prima ry ActivitiesInbound LogisticsPreussag, former TUI took more interest on acquisitions of many tour operators (Hapag-Llyod AG, TUI Deutschland, Thomas Cook etc) during early stages. This many acquisitions lead to the formation of TUI tour operator, which has become the first player in tourism industry in European market (refer appendix 11.4).Operations quality and consonance are important attributes in travel and tourism industry for TUI. Thus retaining the brand, TUI transformed its operations by improving product quality and consistency for which people were ready to take the packages. It also enjoyed significant economies of scale.Outbound LogisticsSetting up different travel agencies across many countries with major presence in Germany, UK and Netherlands and Belgium. By 2005 there were 3500 travel agencies in 17 countries. Acquiring these helped TUI in expanding its boundaries and reaching the world. This helped in building an image over time in international context.ServiceTou rism industries have to ensure that it provides good quality service to consumers because using poor quality raw materials may have major affect on the operator market share. Providing good quality service is a case of social responsibility.3.2.2 Support ActivitiesProcurementAcquiring raw materials locally and importing consisted of inputs in TUIs value chain. It also procured its inputs apply in value chain from the resources it attained from acquisitions (refer appendix 11.4).Technology DevelopmentTechnology includes the product and process development. It used its virtual tour operator Touraopa.com, where in travel tours are sold online and also through travel agents and call centres from Germany in tourism industry to get over the market share of the world (Johnson et al, 2008).Human Resource ManagementTUI had 58,191 employees by the end of September 2005 across the group and has more than 180 destinations. It gives opportunity to develop, rewards and recognition, work experi ence and leadership ability within the group and of which some worked in logistics division, trading and sales operations as well. (www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009)TUIs InfrastructurePreussag created TUI management structure was change in order to manage the airlines grouping the year 2002(www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009). Resources for managing operations in different countries have lead TUI to have a better infrastructure.3.3 HUMAN RESOURCESTUI deployed its men from the expert operational management skills from different operators which were acquired from the firm during mergers and acquisition. Also since its management structure was centralised during 2002 it has human resources from the international context who will be systema skeletale its strategy according to the requirements and it is said to have implement resource based view.PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGIESThe firms profitability is the primary determinant of the industry and its position within the industry is an important secondary determinant. Above average profitability is the fundamental basis for attaining sustainable competitive advantage. The basic types of competitive advantage are low exist or differentiation. Along with types of advantage and scope of activities for which firm inevitably to attain them lead to three generic strategies to pull off above average accomplishment in an industry like tourism.COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGYTUIs ability to offer lower price to powerful buyers. This usually targets a broad market. bulletproof sells its products either at average industry price to achieve profits further than rivals or below the average industry prices to put on market share (refer appendix 11.6). Low cost firm like TUI finds and exploits all sources of cost advantage like efficient distribution channels involved in the process. TUI has attained overall cost leadership, as it can command prices or near industry average. Hence it is considered to be above average performer in its tourism industry (refer appendix 11.5).DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGYThe value added by the exceptionality of the product may allow the firm to change the best price for it. full-grown buyers have less power to negotiate because of few close alternatives. Customers of TUI get attached to differentiating attributes, reducing threat of substitutes. Corporate reputation is for innovation and quality of service in the case of TUI (refer appendix 11.6).FOCUS STRATEGYIt basically aims at contract competitive range within an industry. The focuser services only a department or group. Two variants are considered in this cost focus a firm seeks a cost advantage in its target segment, where as in differentiation focus a firm seeks differentiation in its target partition (refer appendix 11.5). The target segments must either have buyers with strange needs or else the production and delivery system that best serves the target segment must differ from that of other industry segments (refer appendix 11.6).STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE COMPETITIVE utility AT TUITUI is considered to be more bureaucratic, which is more rigid and it stabilises the decision making progression (Barron et al, 1994). An intrusive firm have more in force and inhibits the choice of more active strategies (Peters, 1992).Service revolution can happen when industry focuses on people, Optimize technology/processes and empower employees, making service transparent, by delivering infrared excellence, focus on elegant simplicity, adapt and evolve, requirement to achieve best of all which may include society, environment and economy(Silvester et al, 2008).Well defined centralised process development and structured innovations, framework, with number of fixed points which include high cost innovations whereas most of the functional departments are decentralised and customer feedback helps TUI to obtain competitive advantage(www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009). negotiable process like running different service for their customer which is usuall y much diversified in its development of operational units. Whereas in distributed functional departments of TUI primarily were unstructured, emergent process focuses on continuous improvements. This budget may be often taken into operating expenses (Heracleous et al , 2005).SWOT ANALYSISTUI key issues in the business environment and its strategic capability can be analysed using a SWOT analysis. This will help in identifying the extent to which the current strength and weaknesses of TUI are relevant to and capable of dealing with the changes taking place in a business environment. The table in appendix 11.6 depicts a SWOT analysis of TUI.GROWTH SHARE OF TUI A BCG MATRIX ANALYSISThe BCG matrix analysis will be helpful in determining the relationship between the relative share of the product portfolio TUI and its market growth. The key constitute of TUIs product portfolio includes its tourism business and also its interests in hotels and shipping industry. Later TUI also expanded it s portfolio by adding transportation between airport and hotel, provided local excursions, offered assistance for car rentals etc (www.tuitravelplc.com, 2009). In the tourism sector TUI has to choose whether to concentrate more on its mainstream or the international best segment. However the 2007 annual report of TUI showed that the worldwide trend towards the tourism industry is increasing. The appendix 11.7 depicts a BCG ground substance analysis wherein TUI is marked as Stars (High market share, High market growth).LIMITATIONS OF TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSISLimitations of PESTEL AnalysisSome corporate strategists comment that since future is uncertain, there is no point in prediction. Therefore date applying PESTEL, factors like economical conditions, lifestyle of the people, etc. should be assumed as static. Also for analysing the strategic position of TUI, a company large by its size of it and operations and spread in different parts of the world, PESTEL alone cannot help because it only analyses the external environment where as analysing strategic position requires both external and internal environment analysis. Thus, it can be used only in support of other tools.Limitations of Porters Five Force AnalysisFive Force Analysis demands that all other factors should be static whereas the competitive environment in practice is constantly changing. Also customers and the external environment are given corresponding importance than any other aspect of environment in the analysis whereas customers should be the prime aspect of strategy development for companies like TUI who are merchandising their products to end customers (shipping, tourism and hotels). Also, a broad analysis of all the five forces makes it very difficult in compound industries with multiple interrelations, product groups, by-products and segments.Limitations of Market element AnalysisCustomer needs may vary than predicted about the particular market especially when the target market is large. Another major disadvantage of Market segment analysis is that changes in market conditions will lead to potential threats.Limitations of Value Chain AnalysisThe key actors in the value chain are sometimes affected by certain rules that are set by others like the government. So value chain analysis is influenced by information on these rules. It is difficult for companies like TUI whose business is diversified in different parts of the world for giving specific and meaningful information like fares, quotations, offers, quality standards and environmental standards imposed by tourism places.Sustainable Supply chain management (SSCM) the main challenge is to apply SSCM. Quality is the most important part of supplier selection by tour operations. Communication between relationship of quality and sustainability to increase market share awareness is the factor evaluating SSCM (Font et al, 2006).Limitations of Generic strategiesRisks in generic strategies, inclusion of low-cost strategy. For example if other firms (like My Travel) may also lower the costs due to advancement in technology. Thus, as a result narrow focus groups should be targeted to gain significant market share.Risks dealt with differentiation strategy are imitation of competitors and change in customers tastes. Specialized products and core competency protect against substitutes.Limitations of SWOT AnalysisThe output of SWOT analysis may contain a big list in which some may be more important and some may be less important. Also it is not suitable for more dynamic and insightful analysis.Limitations of BCG Matrix AnalysisIn BCG Matrix analysis it is very difficult to measure market growth rates and relative market shares. Also economical and political factors vary from country to country and BCG Matrix analysis doesnt take this into consideration.CONCLUSIONThe analysis reveals that TUI is in a very strong position in the tourism industry. TUIs current strategic position reveals that it has achieved l ong term growth from developing markets, acquisitions and resources from developed markets. Its expertise gained from many mergers and acquisition from different tourism groups and gradual development of technology in Europe. days of experience are its greatest resource of sustainable competitive advantage by which it is able to tackle the fearlessness in a turbulent economy. However it also faces some issues like attitude of customers behaviour may change due to economic crisis or personal wish which impacts on its operational productivity as every industry faces in the competitive world. In short, TUI has made its strategic choices very efficiently leading to its success. The options are laid and needs to be decided upon which can help TUI in achieving a niche position in the tourism industry (refer appendix 11.1).

Wide Area Networks Essays -- Technology Computers Communication Essays

Wide reach NetworksThe creation of wide area networks links mass communication from people all everywhere the world with a vast variety of different uses. A wide area network is telecommunications networks covering a large geographic area. The internet is the biggest use of a wide area network and has seed our daily lives all around the world. Wide area networks are connected to local area networks to enable computers to share, send, and inlet information on a larger scale. These recent technologies over the past 20 years have affected the way we communicate, how businesses operate, and many other factors that we harbor for granted. Wide area networks are a fast growing telecommunications business which are developing new technologies to help people access information easier, accelerated with cheaper costs.Wide Area Networks and why, where, who, and how it important? Wide area networks are used to connect local area networks together, so that users and computers in one locati on lowlife communicate with users and computers in other locations. Many sickens are built for one particular organization and are private, others, built by Internet service set asiders provide connections from an organizations LAN to the Internet. WANs are usually built with leased lines from different telecommunications companies. At the end of these lines is a router which allows access and transmissions through these given lines. through various telecommunications devices and services wide area networks are the leading technology in transmitting global information and communication. The main purpose of a WAN is to provide reliable, fast and safe communication between two or more places with low delays and at low prices. WANs can be linke... ...nt to help influence the computer age into a bright, and much larger future. ReferencesDuley, CJ. WAN (2000) http//www.btinternet.com/C.J.Duley/WAN.htmOBrien, James A. (2004) Management Information Systems Managing informat ion technology in the business enterprise. sixth Edition. McGraw Hill, Boston. Ploskina, Brian DNA Lends Hand to WANs http//www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1242507,00.asp?kc=EWNKT0209KTX1K0100440August 28, 2001Alliance Datacom Wide Area Networks http//www.alliancedatacom.com/technologies/wide-area-network/wide-area-networks.aspDocumentation. (2002) http//www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan.htmxtocid8 Cisco Systems, Inc.Wikipedia Wide Area Network. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network Wireless Wide Area Networking Technologies (2004). http//www.rhowireless.com/wan/

are expeaectation about childs development related to different cultures? :: essays research papers

P arental expectations of their childrens increase can be influenced bymany factors. factors like media, family beliefs, personal experience. Expectations come from several sources- from parents, t for each oneers, family, peers and ourselves. all these factors relate to social and culture beliefs. Piaget stressed the importance of the environment in childrens learningm seeing children as active builders of their own knowledge. The social constructive perspective on child development places main emphasis on the importance of the social environment on child development. Lev Vygotskys findings showed that children had a great deal to learn from each other through interaction and communication. Unlike piaget, Vygotsky thought that childrems ability should not be judged only on what they can do alone, but on what they are capable of with help. So the child may be provided with a more challenging and stimulating environment. Constructivist propose that children have qualitatively disti nct ways of thinking, sense and behaving at different stages of development. Whiting and Edwards ( 1992) discuss the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is perceived as appropriate social behaviour.Hess et al.(1980) carried out cross-culturalstudy into the expectations of American and Japanese mothers about their childrens development. He design a developmental expectation procedure to study mothers expectations. The study produced some interesting dara into the cultural differences in the deuce groups expectations.It showed that the Japanese mothers expectations for early achievement fell into categories of compliance, independence and emotional maturity. In contrast the American mothers expected social skills and verbal assertiveness to be observed at a younger age. Whiting and Edwards (1992) discussed the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is seen as an appropriate social behaviour. they explain different expectations of childrens de velopment in various cultures and why different cultures expect different things of their children. For example in a more complex society literacy would seen as the most distinguished skills to learn. Whereas in a simple society it is likely that children will learn the physical world. It can be said that cultural needs of society strongly influence parents expectations of their own childrens development.